Croissant
Laminated dough is folded with butter many times over, then baked until the layers split into flaky shards. The inside should be honeycombed and elastic, pulling into ribbons instead of crumbling.
What to judge: Layer shatter, honeycomb crumb, butter aroma, browning
Where to find it: a morning bakery counter
Jambon-beurre
A split baguette is spread with butter and filled with thin ham and a few cornichons, and nothing else goes in. The crust should crackle, the crumb stay tender, and the butter hold its ground against the salt.
What to judge: Crust, butter quality, ham saltiness, bread freshness
Where to find it: a corner sandwich counter
Steak frites
A seared steak arrives with a pile of twice-fried potatoes and a small pot of peppery sauce. The chips decide the plate: crisp outside, fluffy inside, still hot when the meat is half eaten.
What to judge: Sear, sauce, chip crispness, potato fluff
Where to find it: a bistro table by the window
Croque-monsieur
White bread is filled with ham and cheese, covered in béchamel and grilled until the surface blisters. A knife cuts through the molten layers, and it is always eaten with a fork.
What to judge: Béchamel, cheese pull, toast on the bread, seasoning
Where to find it: a zinc-topped café counter
Macarons
Two smooth almond shells sandwich a ganache or fruit cream, and they should give slightly before the centre yields. The pleasure is the thin crackle first, then the soft, sharply flavoured middle.
What to judge: Shell crackle, filling flavour, chew, sweetness
Where to find it: a pastry shop counter
Duck confit
Duck legs are salted, then cooked slowly in their own fat until the meat slips from the bone, and finally crisped in a pan. The skin turns brittle while the flesh stays dark, salty and rich.
What to judge: Skin crispness, meat texture, salt level, fat balance
Where to find it: a neighbourhood bistro